This medication should take effect within 1 to 2 days, and you should see improvements in your pet’s clinical signs. Humans are sensitive to these side effects and blood levels of theophylline are commonly monitored with blood tests. If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and give it at the next scheduled time, and return to the regular dosing schedule. If stomach upset occurs on an empty stomach, give the medication with food. The medication works by relaxing the air passages of the lungs, thus increasing the amount of air flowing into the lungs. However, activated charcoal decreased theophylline halflife from 4.02 to 2.76 hours and volume of distribution from 0.72 to 0.61 L/kg. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Theophylline is used in situations that require dilation of the airways. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses. However, at clinically effective blood concentrations of around 10–20 mg/L, theophylline is frequently associated with adverse effects, such as nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiac arrhythmias, and CNS excitation, leading to a narrow … It should be used only if the benefits outweigh the risk in pregnant or nursing pets. Phenobarbital is a barbiturate commonly prescribed to control seizures in dogs, usually caused by epilepsy. Emergency Central is a collection of disease, drug, and test information including 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult, Davis’s Drug, McGraw-Hill Medical’s Diagnosaurus®, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and MEDLINE Journals … The condition should be treated symptomatically with emetics, oral activated … Theophylline ER may also be used for purposes other than those listed here. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you observe these side effects in your pet. Side effects are uncommon but may include vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, sleepiness, drooling or anxiousness. This results in widening of the tubes and can assist breathing in certain situations. Theophylline reduces the effectiveness of beta blockers. Theophylline should be used with caution in animals with severe heart disease, abnormal heart rhythms, kidney or liver impairment or high blood pressure. Codeine is given by mouth or injection and is used off label to treat mild to moderate pain, cough, and occasionally diarrhea. Three distinct patterns of intoxication exist, namely, acute intoxication, chronic overmedication, and acute-on-therapeutic intoxication. Theophylline has been shown to cause stomach irritation and nervous system stimulation. Age >60 years and chronic use are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality. The recommended dose of sustained-release theophylline in cats is 20 to 25 mg/kg PO Q 24 H in the evening (ie, one 100-mg tablet/cat/day). Theophylline, also known as Theo-Dur®, belongs to the class of drugs known as smooth muscle relaxants, affecting the respiratory muscles in dogs and cats. Theophylline should not be used in pets that are sensitive or allergic to it, or related substances such as theobromine, aminophylline, or caffeine. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine. For dogs, theophylline is dosed at 3 to 5 mg per pound (6 to 10 mg/kg) three times daily; higher doses may be prescribed with the twice-daily extended action preparations. Theophylline can alter the effects of the following medications, and should be used with caution: benzodiazepines, ephedrine, isoproterenol, ketamine, lithium, macrolides, pancuronium, and propofol. It is also available as a 80 mg/15 ml or 150 mg/15 ml syrup. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web. The commonly accepted indications for haemodialysis in acute theophylline overdose are: serum theophylline >550 micromol/L or >100 mg/L; clinical manifestations of severe toxicity: arrhythmia; hypotension; seizures ©Copyright 1999 - 2021. If your vet prescribes this drug for your pooch, administer it to Fido in the dose and frequency she recommends. Theophylline may interact with other medications. Give the medicine on an empty stomach, which is an hour before or 2 hours after food intake. Your pet should be monitored for signs of toxicity. Theophylline has bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and is also inexpensive and widely available. While generally safe and effective when prescribed by a veterinarian, theophylline can cause side effects in some animals. Each of these drugs is properly called a methylxanthine. We’re committed to keeping clients and staff safe during COVID-19 with NEW admittance and check-out processes. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it or other opioids, in pets with inflammatory bowel disease, or in pets that have ingested a toxic substance. Other side effects include sleeplessness, increased drinking, eating, and urinating. Chronic bronchitis and other airway diseases in dogs The suggested dosage of theophylline for dogs is 4.5 to 6.8mg per pound by mouth every 12 hours and for cats 2mg/lbs in every 8-12 hours. Severe toxic effects can occur but are rare. Be certain to complete the prescription unless specifically directed by your veterinarian. Theophylline is a medication closely related to caffeine. Theophylline is beneficial in the management of both respiratory and cardiac illnesses in dogs and cats. As a member of the xanthine family, it bears structural and pharmacological similarity to theobromine and caffeine, and is readily found in nature, being present in tea (Camellia sinensis) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). It also has mild diuretic effects. In acute overdose, peak serum levels >100 μg ml −1 may be predictive of arrhythmias and seizures. In dogs, however, no side effects are seen until blood levels are enormously out of range so few problems are observed in pets on theophylline. The following information is provided as a general guideline only. The IHC Group. Theophylline is a prescription drug and can only be obtained from a veterinarian or by prescription from a veterinarian. Theophylline Poisoning answers are found in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult powered by Unbound Medicine. Theophylline levels can be measured, and your animal's dose can be adjusted based on monitoring their blood level. The duration of administration depends on the condition being treated, response to the medication and the development of any adverse effects. We're here for you and your pet in 43 states. The medication is a bronchodilator that improves breathing to minimize wheezing and other symptoms, improve quality of life, and help prevent complications and death. If you suspect your pet or another animal was overdosed accidentally or has eaten this medication inadvertently, contact your veterinarian or the A.S.P.C.A. Theophylline ER is sold per tablet and requires a prescription from your veterinarian. Theophylline is given by mouth in the form of a tablet or liquid, with or without food. Theophylline tablets or oral liquid should be stored at room temperature, below 30°C (86°F), in a tightly closed container. Very high levels of theophylline were associated with elevated levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the animals. Theophylline is used in the treatment of heart failure, asthma, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema. Human formulations: Theo-Dur® (Key Pharmaceuticals) and various generic brands are available. These signs include seizures and collapse and may indicate that the dose of theophylline is too high. Even if your pet feels better, the entire treatment plan should be completed to prevent relapse or prevent the development of resistance. Theophylline can worsen stomach ulcers and some heart conditions in canines. Overdose If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing , call 911. The easily administered, scored tablets are usually given once every eight to twelve hours in ... An overdose can be fatal. These drugs are airway dilators, opening the bronchial tubes. It relaxes the muscles in the airways (bronchodilator), increases the strength of the muscles involved with breathing, and improves how well mucus and debris are removed from the lungs. Veterinarian approved Respiratory Support products. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it. Anxiety and restlessness are common side effects of treatment in dogs. Uses/Indications. Several sustained-release formulations of theophylline are suitable for use in dogs and cats and may be administered less frequently than the regular formulations. It may also be administered by your veterinarian in hospital in the form of an injection. The highest dose of Vetmedin we usually would give would be 0.3mg/kg, so a 2.5mg tablet would be a slight overdose. Theophylline should be used cautiously with the following medications, as these medications can increase or decrease the effects of theophylline: barbiturates, carbamazepine, activated charcoal, hydantoins, isoniazid, ketoconazole, loop diuretics, rifampin, sympathomimetics, allopurinol, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, corticosteroids, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, mexiletine, thiabendazole, and thyroid hormones. The medicine is usually given to dogs at a dosage of 4.5 – 6.8 mg/lb every 12 hours (twice daily), or 9 mg/lb once daily using 24-hour extended-release pills. This intoxication is due to the fact that dogs metabolize this substance more slowly than humans. Other theophylline salts, such as oxtriphylline (a choline salt), are available, and their theophylline content must be considered when developing a drug dosage regimen. Theophylline has been used as an adjunct treatment in heart failure. Theophylline (brand names: Theo-24®, Theochron®, Elixophyllin®, Theodur®) is a bronchodilator used to treat coughs caused by bronchospasm or bronchoconstriction. Theophylline has been shown to cause stomach irritation and nervous system stimulation. The recent marketing of slow release preparations of theophylline and new indications for the use of the drug have resulted in a marked increase in the sale of theophylline products. 's Animal Poison Control Center at 888.426.4435. Anxiety and restlessness are common side effects of treatment in dogs. Therapeutic serum levels range from 10-20 mcg/mL. Theophylline is a prescription bronchodilator treatment for cats and dogs, used to open air passages in the lungs by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and chest. What is Theophylline? Because of the way that theophylline is metabolized, dogs with liver or kidney disease need careful monitoring by your vet when on this drug. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you observe these side effects in your pet. This phenomenon combined with the drug’s highly variable pharmacokinetics has led to an increase in the number of theophylline intoxications. In some cases, blood levels of the medication may be monitored to be sure the dose is correct. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, with 12–25% of overdose patients developing serious or life-threatening symptoms. It also increases the speed at which the cilium beats. Theophylline Poisoning is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.. To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription.. ©Copyright VCA Hospitals all rights reserved. Methylxanthine drugs, such as theophylline, work by inhibiting enzymes (phosphodiesterases) inside of cells and promoting dilation of smooth muscle in bronchial tubes and blood vessels. Aminophyllin is used to relieve cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and troubled breathing. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. The most common side effects include central nervous system stimulation (excitement) and stomach or intestinal irritation such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions very carefully as their directions may be significantly different from those on the label. Commonly reported side effects of theophylline include: acid-base imbalance. 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